Friday, December 24, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XXIII - Yule Edition

Let's interrupt our march through my cult years with a side visit to The Way's views on Christmas. It may surprise some people that there are Christian denominations that do not celebrate Christmas. In the early days of European settlement in North America Christmas celebrations were actually banned in some of the colonies. The Puritans in particular had problems with the way Christmas was celebrated. Their objections were manifold. On one hand they viewed Christmas as a distinctly Papist, i.e. Catholic celebration. This was in the era of religious wars between Catholic and Protestant monarchs, and the Puritans were if anything ultra-Protestant. The other part of their resistance was how English Christmas traditions, especially among the working classes, had become a day off from work and dominated by fun and games. And drinking. A lot of drinking. It took a long time for the Christmas observances of non-English immigrants to infiltrate their way into American ways of celebrating Christmas; but even today, there are groups such as the Jehovah's Witnesses who do not observe any special days. 

The Way, at least during my involvement, talking a good game in regards to following the dictates of the Bible, but in practice found ways around their supposed standards. Christmas observance was no exception. 

It's no surprise to most people that the Bible does not give a date for Jesus' birth. It doesn't give a year either. Part of this can be attributed to the lack of a common calendar. The current A.D. numbering system was devised in what we now call 525 A.D., when Dionysius Exiguus came up with a numbering system independent of the regnal years of reigning monarchs. He calculated (although we aren't sure what he based his calculation on) that A.D. 1 was the first full year following the birth of Jesus, putting Jesus' birth in what we now call 1 B.C. (there is no Year "0"). There's also a lot of theories regarding what time of year Jesus was born, ranging from the Spring to mid September, but none are definitive. The December date that was associated with Saturnalia and the birth of "The Unconquered Sun" eventually became the accepted consensus date. 

Not satisfied with the position that we don't know the actual date or year of Jesus' birth, Victor Wierwille, the leader of The Way, set out to prove that the Bible really does give us that information, and that you can discover it with some Biblical research and a little astronomy. In 1981 he published Jesus Christ Our Promised Seed which claimed to narrow down the time to a 90-minute window on September 11, 3 B.C.!

In the late 1800's a Church of England minister, E.W. Bullinger, wrote a book titled Witness of the Stars. The premise was that the constellations told a story - the story of the Bible, and that interpreted properly, you could trace the prophecies of the coming messiah throughout the zodiac. His reasoning behind this was quite convoluted and somewhat technical, if not completely opaque and inaccessible to the layman, but Wierwille latched on to it and added his own theories. Wierwille made the assumption that the Magi of the gospels (nowhere are they called kings by the way) were the successors of the wise men of the court of Babylon who answered to the prophet (and lions' den guy) Daniel, which was why they thought a "star" heralded the birth of a king of a backwater province of a foreign power. This made sense, sort of, but like so much of Wierwille's "research", he took what was a reasonable assumption and promoted it as fact. So what did he think the Magi were looking for? Certainly not a laser beam from heaven spotlighting the manger. No, based on the constellation Leo the Lion representing the Tribe of Judah, Wierwille looked for astronomical events that would have been visible in Roman Judea during the time period between when he calculated Herod came to power and his death (which was based on calculations that disagreed with virtually all those who studied that time period). I don't recall the details, but he came up with something and tied it in with the completely unrelated verses in Revelation 12 about a woman "clothed with the sun, with stars in her hair and the moon at her feet" to indicate when the constellation Virgo was visible between sunset and moonrise using astronomical software and came up with the incredibly specific time frame that if I remember correctly was an 81 minute (my memory is a bit fuzzy on the actual time frame) time span the evening of September 11, 3 B.C. It was assumption built upon assumption based on a crazy theory, but it was wrapped up in a blue book cover and presented as undisputed fact. "Teachings" featuring the claims from this book were highlighted every December, with all of us faithful Waybots telling ourselves how superior we were to regular Christians because we knew this completely irrelevant and worthless information. We were also pretty fond of changing the words of Christmas Carols to make them more "accurate" and telling everyone who stood still for a half minute that angels don't have wings. 

Even before this book came out, The Way had a split personality when it came to Christmas. On one hand they preached that we weren't to be observers of days and seasons (like Christmas) but on the other hand we did observe most of the cultural and secular aspects of Christmas. Somehow The Way's leaders thought that simply changing the name made it all okay, hence the Wayism: Household Holiday. (I'm not going to get into it in detail here, but The Way made a distinction between the family of God and the household of God, with the household being the more exclusive, special and blessed). Even assuming that The Way was God's "household", what made December 25th a "household holiday"? No one ever had a good answer. What annoyed me personally though was how "Household Holiday" became "Ho Ho" and we would wish each other "Happy Ho Ho". Way employees, and those in their Way Corps training program, were given some time off during the "Household Holidays" in order to temporarily "relocate" off campus to visit family or friends (you know, just like people who did celebrate Christmas) - which was called (of course) "Ho Ho Relo". Yikes. 

Throughout my involvement in The Way I observed Christmas just like any other secular American. I had a tree, I put up decorations, I sent out cards, exchanged gifts, but I also engaged in smug superiority over all those poor, ignorant Christians who just didn't understand the "true meaning of Christmas". 

Start from the beginning

Part XVIV

Thursday, December 23, 2021

Christmas: Then and Now

We always celebrated Christmas when I was a boy. To be honest, a lot of the details are kind of hazy, but if memory serves we would either have one of the grandmothers over, or we'd go over there - I'm sure there was some kind of schedule involved that I didn't have to be concerned about. My parents were religious, and back in those days so was I, so attending Mass on Christmas morning was always part of the holiday ritual. One Christmas memory that is very clear involves a visit from Santa Claus. I don't remember how old I was, but I was in that transitionary time when I hadn't given up believing in Santa Claus yet, but was developing some skepticism. My brothers and I were already in bed on Christmas Eve when my parents opened the bedroom door, turned on the lights and came in...accompanied by Santa Claus. I'm sure that this extended the duration of my belief, but to this day my mother has not revealed which neighbor or friend had donned the Santa suit to visit us kids. 

As a young adult I was involved in a group that had some non-mainstream and often contradictory beliefs about Christmas and how to observe it, if at all. There's a verse in the Bible which tells Christians to not be observers of times or seasons, so this group told us that we shouldn't be celebrating Christmas (or any other holiday), but they did anyway, changing the name, but putting up Christmas trees and exchanging gifts, while pretending that they weren't celebrating Christmas. The leader of the group had also published a book wherein he claimed to have calculated the birth of Jesus down to an around 90 minute window on September 11, 3BC. So, not only were we supposedly not supposed to observe Christmas, but Jesus wasn't even born in December according to them. It made for a lot of confusion, but mainly they just gave lip service to the "not observing" and observed anyway. It was around this time that I moved to Nebraska, away from my family and ceased to be involved in family Christmas gatherings. 

After getting married and starting a family I wasn't so involved with my former group, and celebrated Christmas in a more or less traditional manner, although on a small scale. My income was pretty small, so we couldn't afford anything lavish, but we always had a tree and gifts, assisted by my parents who always sent a box with small presents and a check to purchase other stuff. But since we weren't involved in any church and my only family were my in-laws who were very unsociable, I really missed the big family gatherings of my childhood. After being married around 10 years we got back involved in my former religious group. We sometimes did group things - one year we got a few hotel rooms on Christmas Eve and hosted a pool party for our local home Bible fellowship. My kids were also, after hearing Adam Sandler's Chanukah song, became curious about that holiday. Having grown up in New York around many Jewish families, I knew what Chanukah was and for a few years we celebrated, in addition to Christmas, the Festival of Lights. We also had a Christmas ornament tradition for many years. One year, after one of my children complained that our tree had no star, I cut out a photo of Bob Dylan and put it atop the tree. Every year we had a different "star". 

Things changed quite a bit in 2001 when my wife and I separated and then divorced. She had convinced most of my children that I was a bad guy and pressured them to not spend time with me. I spent Christmas 2001 friendless and alone, living in a dingy apartment that I called "The Hovel". On Christmas Eve, after closing the store where I worked, I went back to my apartment, ate dinner and got drunk on eggnog spiked with Jack Daniels. At midnight I went to the nearby Catholic Church where the highlight of the evening was me enthusiastically hugging people who I didn't know at "the sign of peace". On Christmas Day, as I took an afternoon walk, I discovered that movie theaters were open on Christmas Day and I stopped in for a viewing of The Fellowship of the Ring which had just come out. For the next several years that was my Christmas ritual: close the store on Christmas Eve, go to a movie and eat dinner at a buffet on Christmas Day. After a few years I met my second wife, Susie, and we continued the tradition, spending time with Susie's daughter Sami on Christmas Eve. 

This tradition lasted for a few years until, one by one, my children saw through their mother's propaganda and started spending time with me again. We started inviting all the kids over on Christmas Eve and continued our movie and buffet tradition on Christmas Day. Most years we put up a tree and outdoor lights and sent out cards. I was so excited to have my kids as part of my life again, and having put my former religious group behind me, I was also excited to be able to reanimate the family-oriented Christmases that I membered from my childhood. This also lasted a few years, but began to peter out as marriages and jobs and different interests began to interfere. I became a bit jaded about the planning and work I'd put into a family gathering only to have several no-shows. Probably the last Christmas Eve gathering was 2018. We had left town for Thanksgiving, and had a small open house on Christmas Eve. The year before, 2017 we drove to New York to spend Christmas with my mother (whose birthday is Christmas) and siblings. For Christmas 2019 we got together for a movie on Christmas Day with some snacks afterward. The pandemic pretty much killed off any Christmas gatherings - I think the momentum is gone. 

Now, as the second Covid Christmas is almost upon us, I reflect on my expectations for the holiday. The local family just doesn't seem interested in doing anything for Christmas. So we're not. I still put up Christmas decorations (no tree), watch Christmas movies and listen to jazz, blues and rock versions of Christmas songs, but we're not even attempting to organize a family Christmas. And that's okay. I've gotten comfortable with not beating myself up over not conforming to societal expectations for the holiday, and accepting that the warm and fuzzy memories of Christmases past don't necessarily paste onto the present. 

This doesn't mean that I'm sad about it. Quite the opposite. I'm happy and thankful that I am in regular contact with family, both local and far-flung, and that we all can do what makes us happy on the holidays and any other day.

Happy Hogswatch!
 

Saturday, November 27, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XXII

To say that the people of Sidney were fortified against us was an understatement. In addition to the "Jericho March" incident there were frequent threats of violence and attempts to run us out of town. We were confronted in the grocery store by shouting church members; cars driven by those opposed to our presence attempted to run us down in the street; objects were thrown at us in public; we were evicted from our home on New Year's Eve; we were the subject of a radio program warning the town about us; continuing attempts to get us fired...it was constant.

One thing that this treatment solidified in me was a tendency toward anti-bigotry. I remember thinking at the time that while this persecution was horrible, I could convert to one of the mainstream churches and it would all stop, or I could move to the next town and no one would know that I was in a cult. A Black person on the other hand, couldn't un-Black himself in order to stop the racism. This lesson stayed with me. Although there was still work to do ridding myself of racist mindsets and habits, being the target of virulent prejudice made me think twice about engaging in it myself. 

But when you're in a cult, your thinking tends to follow certain grooves. Just like the opposition from our families was seen as proof that we were angering "the adversary" (aka The Devil), and therefore doing God's work, the steady opposition from the townspeople put us in the company of the followers of Jesus in the Bible's Acts of The Apostles. We were being persecuted for speaking "The Word". Of course this widespread antipathy in such a small town meant that we had quickly worn out our welcome. Door knocking was out of the question, and there weren't many public venues where people hadn't made up their minds about us already. But we somehow found the energy to pat ourselves on the back for being such devoted and committed followers of The Way, Jesus Christ. 

After the first of the year, after having to find a new place to live after being evicted, Ronnie, our state leader decided that we would be relocated halfway through the year, in February. Our witnessing wasn't without any results, we had two men signed up for the PFAL class, but since we needed seven to run a class, we hadn't been able to run one. Once we found out we were moving, both of our "new people" decided to move with us, to Kearney as it turned out. Although one of them was having sex with one of the WOW women and the other one had some serious mental issues, so they weren't quite as devoted to "The Word" as we thought. 

Our time in Sidney ended on an amusing note. We had invited Rev. Jerry over for coffee to say goodbye. While in our home he made a big deal about how "The Lord" had informed him that two of us were staying in Sidney while the other two moved on. I still remember Gail laughing and telling him that The Lord must have thrown him a curve since we were all leaving. The next day, after selling or giving away our furniture and packing up the car, we headed for Kearney.

New problems awaited us there.

Start from the beginning

Part XXIII

Monday, November 22, 2021

Hypothesis Contrary to Fact

What is a logical fallacy?

In philosophy, a formal fallacy, deductive fallacy or non sequitur is a patter of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure.

Some logical fallacies are pretty easy to explain. 


  • 'Ad Hominem' is when, instead of addressing, attacking or arguing against a person's position, the person himself is attacked. For example, claiming that a person's position on Medicaid for All is wrong because she once got a DUI
  • A 'Straw Man' is when a weaker (or sometimes an imaginary) version of an argument is attacked rather than the argument itself
  • A 'False Dilemma' supposes that there are only two alternatives, for instance "We either pass this bill or we are no longer a Democracy", when there are in reality multiple intervening positions. 
  • An 'Appeal to Authority' is when a person's intelligence, credentials or background are substituted for actual evidence, like when the opinion of Neil DeGrasse Tyson or Steven Hawking, eminent physicists, is treated as valid in the realm of economics or public health. 
In any logical fallacy, the person resorting to its use isn't necessarily wrong, just that they have not presented facts or evidence sufficient to back up their position. A person who says that Donald Trump was a bad president because he was a New York real estate developer may have been 100% correct about him being a bad president, but the fact that he was a New York real estate developer had nothing to do with it. That would be the ad hominem fallacy. 

The fallacy 'Hypothesis Contrary to Fact' gets used a lot, but the casual  participant in social media arguments may be unfamiliar with it. Simply put, the premise is something that didn't actually happen, which is used to support the conclusion. The fictional literature subgenre called "alternate history", or sometimes "contrafactual history" uses this fallacy. We've all likely heard of, if not read, the "If The South Won the Civil War" books. "The Man in the High Castle" by Phillip Dick builds upon the premise that the Allies lost World War II. (In a neat twist, the book references a fictional account of how the Allies won World War II). All of these stories are extended version of 'Hypothesis Contrary to Fact'.

How does this relate to current events? Many of us reacted to the news that the killer of two protesters in Kenosha, Wisconsin last year by making statements that started with "If the killer was Black..." and drawing various conclusions about the outcome if this was true. I recently saw these types of statements described as "flawed and worthless" since the "if" portion of the statement, the premise, was false. I will concede two points: (1) The premise is not factual, the killer isn't Black and (2) We can't prove that the conclusion based on the contrafactual premise would have come to pass if the premise were true. 

So what?

No one who makes statements or shares opinions about what they think would have happened if the murderer of two people in Kenosha were Black thinks that they are proving anything. We'll never know for certain how the verdict would have been different, or even if he would have gotten past the police alive, if he had been Black...not with 100% certainty, but we can make a pretty good guess based on the difference between how armed White people and armed (or even unarmed) Black people are treated by law enforcement and by the courts. The lack of certainty is only a technicality within the laws of logic, which don't always align with the real world. There's certainly examples where, despite the presence of this particular fallacy, we can speculate pretty accurately how things would have turned out. I can state with a high degree of confidence that if I had begun contributing to a retirement account when I was 25, instead of when I actually did, at age 45, that my financial situation would be much better. Technically and logically, I don't know that, but...c'mon. 

There have been enough examples, enough of a trend, about how White and Black people have been treated and how they're viewed differently to come to reasonable conclusions. I think we can reasonably extend our suppositions to the difference in how progressive/left wing protesters are treated versus right wing protesters. There hadn't been a lot of shootings at last year's protests, but we have one example of Michael Reinoehl, a self-described Antifa activist, who allegedly shot and killed a right wing counter-protester in Seattle. Reinoehl never had the opportunity to plead self-defense at his trial because he didn't have a trial. He was shot and killed by police. We can also look at, specifically in Kenosha, how Black Lives Matter activists were viewed as a threat, while armed counter-protesters were allowed to roam freely, despite there being a curfew that the police were attempting to enforce on the BLM protesters. Of course, unless you have been hiding under the proverbial rock for the last few years we see how quick police are to shoot first, ask questions later when it comes to Black men. Right next to you under that same rock will be people who deny that there is racial bias in our legal system despite mountains of evidence to the contrary. 

So, even though, according to the rules of logic, a hypothesis contrary to fact is a logical fallacy, that doesn't mean that the conclusion is wrong, just that it can't be proven logically. Based on the long history of unequal justice in this country it's certainly reasonable to conclude that if the killer who roamed the streets of Kenosha with a deadly weapon, who had killed two people and wounded a third in plain sight, had been Black, he would not have been allowed to walk away, and likely would have been shot as a threat. And if he had survived that night, it's also reasonable to presume that he would have had a less friendly judge and spent time in jail. 

Not everything can be neatly tied up in a logician's bow.

Friday, October 15, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XXI

If you were to stop in Sidney Nebraska today, you'd see a built up interstate exit dominated by the Cabela's headquarters, several restaurants, hotels and a truck stop. In August 1980 there was a couple of gas stations leading to a County Road 17J, which passed a trailer park along several lonely miles of...nothing...before meeting up with Highway 30 east of Sidney. As we drove into town and saw that trailer park I had a horrible feeling that I was seeing Sidney in its entirety. No, it wasn't that bad, but it wasn't much better. 

The opposition started right away. The hardware/carpet store where I worked was owned by one of Sidney's leading families. Ken was a nice enough guy and in addition to hiring me to clean up around the place and run errands, I was being trained in the back room as a glass cutter and carpet installer. But Ken was also active in his church, the local Episcopalian congregation. Apparently there was a meeting to discuss the cult that had invaded their city and Ken was pressured to fire me. Many of the churches were having similar meetings. One of the more active churches in their crusade against cults was the Foursquare Gospel Church, led by the Rev. Jerry Skinner. 

One of the "witnessing" (aka recruiting) techniques in the bigger cities was to visit mainstream churches. In the Way's early days many new recruits came from the larger denominations where they were disillusioned with the way things were done and weren't getting any answers to their spiritual questions. Naturally we thought this would work in Sidney. We didn't consider how different small town, rural Nebraska was from New York, Philadelphia or Baltimore. The first church we visited was having a "healing service" and Gail and I decided to attend to see if we could pick off any stragglers - it was Jerry Skinner's Foursquare Gospel Church. Foursquare Gospel Churches are an offshoot of the Assemblies of God, a strict, fundamentalist, evangelical, Pentecostal denomination. There weren't any members looking for something better. As we left the meeting Rev. Skinner greeted us - knowing exactly who we were and what organization we were with. He made it clear that Sidney Nebraska wasn't interested in being the home to any cults. He was to become our main nemesis during our time in Sidney, as host of the local radio show There's Good News Today he devoted a lot of air time whipping up the church-going citizens of Sidney in an anti-Way frenzy. 

Skipping ahead a few months, after we had moved (more on that later), one night we happened to notice a lot of people walking past our house. Considering that at the time we lived in a fairly isolated part of town, north of the railroad tracks on a street that didn't lead anywhere, we naturally thought this quite odd. It was the Foursquare Youth Group conducting what they called a "Jericho March", based on the Biblical story of the Israelites marching around the Canaanite city of Jericho seven times and causing the walls to fall down before slaughtering the inhabitants. So they were in the process of marching around our block seven times and claiming it for God. At some point during the march Steve snuck out through our backyard and joined the march and made it back to their church unnoticed in the back pew. Once inside they all closed their eyes, joined hands and spoke in tongues. When they opened their eyes Rev. Jerry spotted Steve in the back. Steve smiled, waved and headed out. 

There was a certain amount of humor in the way we handled it, but here was a group of people who seriously believed that we had no right to be in their city. All they were willing to do was pray about it, but not all opposition to us was so benign. Violence was on the menu. 

Start from the beginning

Part XXII

Sunday, October 10, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XX

One thing that I want to make clear is that despite my characterization of The Way as a cult, I believe that many of the tactics that people have used to oppose cults is also wrong. 

Many people define a group as a cult based on what they believe rather than what they do. Scientology has a lot of bizarre beliefs, but are the beliefs harmful, or is it the level of control that they exert on their members what is actually harmful? And what constitutes a bizarre belief? Are the Scientologists sci-fi based doctrines really more unbelievable than an invisible god who is really his own son born from a mother who never had sex? Or this same god-who-is-really-his-own-son ascending bodily after being dead for three days? What about a boat with two (or is it seven) of every animal in it surviving a world-wide flood? The difference is that the majority of religious groups don't attempt to control every aspect of your life, and if your behavior is far enough outside their norms, you can just leave. The church that I grew up in was pretty oblivious to whether I attended services every Sunday and likely didn't notice when I left. Cults, on the other hand, engage in harmful practices. It's true that sometimes these harmful practices are based on harmful beliefs, the beliefs by themselves are not harmful. 

The opposition of the people of Sidney (which I will get into shortly), was based on ignorance. They may have heard about a few things that The Way taught that deviated from standard Christian teaching, but it is highly unlikely that they were aware of the harmful practices that went on inside The Way. Groups that received the cult label based on their beliefs (or misunderstanding of their beliefs) were lumped in with the People's Temple and in the minds of the ignorant: dangerous. This ignorance fueled a counter-belief that any opposition to a cult was justified. People were kidnapped and mentally tortured under cover of the pseudo-righteous term "deprogramming". Families were broken up over these differences. Much of what I will describe about my time in Sidney is akin to the "villagers with pitchforks and torches storming the castle" that you see in old school horror movies. My own assertion that I was involved in a cult in no way absolves them of ignorant and bigoted thinking and actions. The very acts of persecutions was in fact something that stiffened my resolve and stick with The Way despite the obvious red flags that popped up throughout my WOW year. 

Start from the beginning

Part XXI

Sunday, October 3, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XIX

Having driven from my home in New York City to Way headquarters in rural Ohio a few times, I was familiar with the concept of small town and farms, but living in a small town was big-time culture shock. One of the biggest shifts was the prevalence of churches. I grew up in the New York City neighborhood of Rosedale, Queens. The 2010 census put Rosedale's population at around 25,000. At the time there were six churches - two Catholic, one Presbyterian, a Lutheran and an Episcopalian, plus a small Baptist church that may have actually been in Springfield Gardens. Sidney, on the other hand, with one-fifth the population, had twenty-five churches of various denominations. Of course, there was the size. Sidney was small enough to walk across in a half hour - glancing at the map,  the populated areas look to be around 2 miles east-west and 2.5 miles north-south, excluding the area on the interstate and other areas within city limits that are not developed - and Sidney is the largest town for hours in any direction. Another feature of a small town (at least from my perspective) is the suspicion with which "outsiders" are viewed. Everyone seems to know everybody else, and families that had been in Sidney for decades were still referred to as "the new people". This may seem paradisal to many, but for four young people (we were aged 20-22) from outside the community who were representing a religious cult, this was anything but. 

We arrived in Sidney a week late, and after a night in a hotel and a dinner of chicken-fried steak (a first for me) at Dude's Steakhouse we set about finding housing and jobs. This was surprisingly easy. The next day we rented a two-bedroom duplex one block off the main drag of Illinois Avenue/Highway 30. Steve, as the interim Way Corps leader, had been sent to scout out the city a few weeks earlier and already had a job lined up detailing cars at a local dealership. Rosemarie and Gail found jobs waitressing at a Dairy Queen and at a hotel restaurant respectively. I was the last one to secure employment - an apprentice glass cutter and go-fer at carpet store just a few blocks from our new home. 

The WOW year, especially the portion spent in Sidney, (we were reassigned to Kearney, a larger college town mid-year) was another of those red flags which should have inspired me to leave the group. On one hand we were subject to non-stop persecution by the locals and on the other the supposed "spiritually aware" leadership was incompetent. But these pressures, at least in my case, paradoxically served to make me more committed. 

Steve was a member of what was called the 10th Way Corps, i.e. the tenth group to start the alleged leadership training by The Way. He had made it through his first year of training at various Way training locations and was now on what they called an interim year where he was to put his training into practice before returning for his second year "in residence". Steve was supposed to be a leader, someone who we were to look up to, someone who would keep us on a godly path  and lead us to success. Steve was also an irresponsible, immature, entitled, horny twenty year-old who was impressed with his own status as a member of the Way Corps without the slightest idea how to motivate or lead. Part of this was due to the top-down style that was ingrained in Way "leaders" who believed that they were blessed with a version of the divine right of kings (including droit du seigneur). Steve's weakness as a leader would be exacerbate the pressures that resulted from opposition of the townspeople. 

Start from the beginning

Part XX

Thursday, September 30, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XVIII

One of the things that The Way drilled into us was the expectation that we would be persecuted. While the upwelling of anti-cult animus starting in 1978 following the People's Temple massacre surely drove some people away, it also mobilized a lot of people against groups like The Way, groups which weren't as extreme as Jim Jones' bunch, but which nonetheless were enough outside the mainstream to make the mainstream nervous. The Way played up this very real opposition to its operations and framed it as equivalent to the persecution suffered by Jesus, his apostles and the early Christians. In New York I was aware of anti-Way sentiment as part of the fear about cult involvement, but in a city that large it kind of got lost in the background noise of life. In a city of 5,000 we stood out as if we had a spotlight trained upon us all day, every day. Because that where I was sent -- Sidney, Nebraska, a city, if you could call it that, of around 5,000 people. 

The Word Over the World (WOW) Ambassador program was in its tenth year in 1980. After a decade or more of slow growth from the mid-fifties to the late sixties, Wierwille made a move that would change the course of The Way. He travelled to San Francisco and found several leaders of the nascent "Jesus People" movement that had sprung up there. He convinced some of them to follow him back to New Knoxville and learn his version of Biblical research. They became the seed from which the fast growing "Way Tree" would spring, teaching Wierwille's Power for Abundant Living (PFAL) class to their followers, who tended to be young - college or even high school students mostly. Centers of Way activity sprung up mostly organically as people "witnessed" to their family and friends. Associated "ministries" were especially active in the San Francisco and Long Island areas. In addition to this type of growth several Way followers in the Wichita Kansas area participated in a test program - leaving their home areas and attempting to start Way "twig" fellowships and run PFAL classes in new areas. This pilot program  was so successful that at a Way gathering in August 1971, Wierwille asked for volunteers to participate in the new WOW outreach program. For many years this was one of the main sources of new Way members. 

The main goal of a "family" of WOWs was to "witness" to new people in their assigned city, run PFAL classes and ultimately, if there wasn't already a Way presence, to plant a brand new Way twig fellowship there. You were to arrive at your assigned city with $300, find housing and a part-time job and then get to work "witnessing", which you were to spend 8 hours a day, seven days a week doing. Witnessing was , in effect, your unpaid, full-time job. As I revealed in Part XVII, the bus we were travelling on broke down in central Iowa. By the time we made our way out to Sidney, which as only 60 miles east of the Wyoming border, we were almost a week late.  We were raring to go, but what we didn't know was that Sidney knew that we were coming and they weren't happy about it. 

Friday, September 10, 2021

Managers - Part XXIII - What Do You Expect of People?

A lot of attention lately has been given to workers walking out of jobs because they have had enough. Enough of abusive customers, enough of managers who don't support them, and enough of poor working conditions. I completely understand. Entry-level workers have been told for years that if they didn't like an aspect of their jobs they should just quit, so that's what many of done. The center of gravity in the employer-employee relationship has shifted in many situations to favor the employee. 

I have long said that while no job is perfect, every job is a balance between the good things about it and the bad. Where the fulcrum lies is going to differ depending on an individual's priorities. For some, a big paycheck might outweigh abusive customers, for others quality of life balance or a flexible schedule might be more important. When the bad outweighs the good, that's when an employee is going to quit. That's entirely appropriate - an employee has to decide what's best for the individual; everyone has to weigh for themselves what they are willing to do. 

As a manager in several different industries for most of my life, I hired (and fired) a lot of people. One of the things that I had to deal with in that role, was people who, for one reason or another, did not understand what the job was and expected the very nature of the job to conform to their expectations. For example, if you were hired to work on a road construction crew, it would not be reasonable to be upset that you had to work outside. The nature of the job is outside work. It would be reasonable to complain if you were not allowed rest or meal breaks, were not provided with protective equipment, or were not paid on time. But you can't work a road construction job inside an air conditioned office. One of my early management positions was as a district manager for a local newspaper circulation department. Delivering newspapers is not an easy job. Firstly, newspaper carriers are considered independent contractors, not employees. (This may have changed in recent years, but it was the case when I was in the business) What this means is that you don't have days off, you can't call in sick and you have to find your own substitute if you get sick or your car breaks down. You don't get snow days; you are out working in the dark in all kinds of weather and on all the holidays. This was all explained in detail to every person that we contracted to deliver papers, yet we would still get carriers attempting to "call in sick", or who quit suddenly when the first snowstorm of winter hit. It may have been a terrible job, but it was the job that you agreed to when you signed up. 

Much of my management career was spent in various roles in retail grocery stores. While not as grueling as a job delivering newspapers, if you worked in a grocery store you weren't an independent contractor, but an employee, with all of an employee's legal protections. There were many things that retail employees put up with that are not intrinsic to the job, but can be found in many retail environments. Varying schedules, and abusive customers are two top problems. The companies for whom I worked were obsessed with "making labor". A budget was set for payroll expenses for each store and each department within each store that was based on a percentage of gross sales. Dividing that dollar amount by the average wage told you how many hours you could schedule. Problems arose when sales were inconsistent - for example if the sales at the beginning of the month were regularly much higher than at the end of the month, or holiday sales were much higher than average. An employee might find herself scheduled for 40 hours one week, 28 hours another week and 15 on a slow week. As a manager I did my best to try to keep schedules and hours somewhat consistent for my employees.

The biggest disconnect between the needs of the company and the expectations of employees was holiday schedules. Like in my newspaper days, we made sure that we explained our expectations to new employees. One very important expectation was that during certain holidays we were much busier than normal and that we couldn't grant vacation time off during these holidays. That didn't mean that there were no days off. Everyone still got their two days off a week, but you couldn't expect to take off from December 20 through January 5 - those were extremely busy times and we needed all hands on deck. There was also the issue of fairness: everyone wanted July 4th off, wanted Christmas Eve off, but someone had to be there. But every year we still received requests for extended vacations. People were naturally disappointed when they couldn't have the time off that they wanted, but that was the job

It might be argued that some of these expectations, independent contractor status of newspaper carriers or no holidays off for retail workers shouldn't be part of the job. And that's where the free market comes in. Many industries, food service and retail in particular, are having trouble filling positions and have had to change the way that they do business. Some have responded with higher pay scales. But if the problem is working conditions and not pay, they will still have trouble filling positions. If enough people stay away from grocery store, or other retail, jobs due to expectations like working all holidays, eventually some of these companies might start closing on holidays. Or perhaps some other creative solution. Agreeing to certain job conditions, like working holidays, but then complaining or quitting when asked to work holidays, is dishonest. Ask questions, find out exactly what the job requirements are; if the employer deviates, stand your ground. If the job conditions don't meet your requirements, go somewhere else, which is more efficient and less stressful than taking a job where you know that you'll eventually quit because you'll be asked to do what they said you would be asked to do. 

Saturday, July 31, 2021

So, You Want To Join a Cult - Part XVII

World Over the World Ambassadors (aka WOW Ambassadors or simply "WOWs") had been sent out every year since 1971 from the annual "Rock of Ages" (ROA) and returned a year later to the following year's ROA. In 1980 the 10th "wave" of WOWs was being sent out, or commissioned. A record number had signed up, well over 3,000. A large number were being sent to what were called Outreach Cities. These Outreach Cities would receive whole "branches", i.e. 10 or more "teams" of two WOW "families", which usually included four WOWs. Teams were usually overseen by a Way Corps person who was on their "interim" year. (At the time Way Corps training included a "Apprentice" year in their home town, the second year and fourth "in-residence" at a Way location, with the year between the in-residence years on some kind of "field" assignment. There were also WOW families sent to isolated cities or towns. I was sent to one of those: Sidney, Nebraska, a city of around 5,000.

Before my WOW family and I were sent to Nebraska, most Way Twig fellowships were clustered in Lincoln and Omaha, plus a few small groups founded by the previous year's WOWs in Fremont, North Platte and Beatrice. My group of WOWs included families in Sidney, Scotts Bluff, Nebraska City, McCook and Grand Island. 

 In 1980 the ROA lasted for seven days. We spent a few hours each day in training and on the sixth night, we were "commissioned", i.e. received our assignments in a sealed envelope to be opened at a big ceremony in the big top tent where evening teachings were conducted. All of us Queens WOWs sat together for the ceremony. Most of my friends were sent to Outreach Cities, including my girlfriend Lori, who was sent to Chicago. In addition to my Nebraska assignment, only one other person from our circle was sent somewhere other than an Outreach City, Kevin F to North Dakota. We were to spend the seventh and last day of the ROA meeting our new WOW family and making travel arrangements. Our family consisted of Steve, an interim 10th Corps man from Texas, who would be our coordinator/leader; Gail, a veteran of a previous WOW year from Philadelphia; and Rosemarie, a relatively new PFAL grad from California. Because there were only two cars, one of them a two-seater, between the two western Nebraska families, Rosemarie and I rode on a bus with some Way people from Grand Island, Gail, who owned one of the cars, who take Steve and two Scotts Bluff WOWs in her car, while the other two Scotts Bluffs WOWs would carry all our luggage in their pickup. The bus broke down in the middle of Iowa. 

Even though, in retrospect, this was another one of those recurring red flags, I saw it as a bit of an adventure. While the bus was being repaired several of us went to work for the repair shop and lived in tents behind the gas station. Eventually, after the bus was repaired we made it to Sidney, Nebraska a week late and set about the task of finding jobs and housing. 

Start from the beginning

Part XVIII

So, You Want To Join a Cult - Part XVI

The King James Version of the Bible lists nine components of "the manifestation of the spirit", The Way referred to them as the Manifestations of the spirit; most denominations called the "gifts of the spirit". They are:


  • Speaking in Tongues
  • Interpretation of Tongues
  • Prophesy
  • Word of Knowledge
  • Word of Wisdom
  • Discerning of Spirits
  • Faith
  • Miracles
  • Gifts of Healing
In The Way's foundational class we learned about, and engaged in (or possibly "performed") the first three. They were important parts of Way meetings and our spiritual life. It was during the Advanced Class where we were supposed to learn about the other six. Word of Knowledge, Word of Wisdom and Discerning of Spirits were referred to as "revelation" manifestations, i.e. God giving you information. The final three, called the "power manifestations", were supposedly more action oriented. Miracles and Gifts of Healing are pretty much what the names suggest. "Faith" was one that I never heard an explanation that made sense. For those of us who were not Advanced Class grads, that class seemed like the ticket to real spiritual street cred. It was the Advanced Class grads who were in the pipeline to become Way leaders, the real movers and shakers. And you go to wear the Advanced Class name tag. Let me digress a moment to talk about Way name tag culture. 

By the time I got involved in The Way, every class, every program, had its own standardized plastic name tag. If you were at a Way event you could tell at a glance where someone was in the Way caste system by their name tag. If they had on a paper tag in a cheap plastic sleeve, with the name written in Sharpie, they were at the bottom. Advanced Class grads had a green name tag with white lettering; WOW Ambassadors wore white name tags with blue lettering and the "wave" in the corner. (The first wave of WOWS went out in 1971, 1980, when I went, was the tenth wave) Students at the Way College of Emporia had red tags with white lettering. Way Corps participants had a name tag that was a slightly different shape than the others with alternating graduating classes tags in either white letters on green or green letters on white, with their Corps number in the corner. (There were others, but you get the idea) Anyone who rated one of these special nametags made sure that they displayed them. There was a fashion for a while to create "name tag ties" where every tag that was earned was displayed on a necktie. 

In June of 1980 I would be travelling to Rome City Indiana to take the Advanced Class. I had committed myself to participate in the WOW ambassador program starting that August, so it would be a busy time my last few months in New York. At the time I owned a car, but it was in storage and I'd shortly sell it to my sister to help pay for my Advanced Class fee and my WOW Ambassador move. None of my Way friends were going, so I thought it would be cool to hitch hike from Queens to Indiana. In retrospect, not the smartest idea, but I was never accused of making smart decisions back then! I had Lori, my girlfriend at the time, drive me to the other side of the George Washington bridge in New Jersey so that I wouldn't have to hitch through New York City. Amazingly, I arrived in one piece and started the class. 

One of the hallmarks of Way culture was to promote everything as the greatest, the first, the most effective, the most "accurate" teaching of the Bible since the First Century. Classes and seminars were described in glowing terms by those who had taken them before, and new people were likewise expected to react similarly with effusive praise. Anyone who didn't was suspected as having not "got it", and were pressured to see "the truth". These people usually drifted away. Let's take another detour and talk about "brainwashing". 

Anti-cult activists and families of people who joined cults are often convinced that cult members have been subjected to mind control techniques, informally known as brainwashing and that people who got involved were somehow forced to do so. My experience in The Way does not support this view. Those who stuck around after their initial contact with The Way were typically people who were those who wanted to believe. In the earlier installments I went into to detail about why I got hooked; various people had different reasons, but the important thing to note was that no one was forced to stay, in fact Way leadership was glad to get rid of the skeptics or those who asked uncomfortable questions. Over the years I saw many people leave voluntarily, with no real attempt to bring them back into the fold. My own cousin, whose involvement predated mine, left with nary a ripple. The people who signed up for the Advanced Class, or to serve as WOW Ambassadors, were a self-selected group that was very likely to buy in to whatever The Way was selling. They were also predisposed to keep their doubts and skepticism to themselves.

I arrived at the Rome City Indiana campus primed to learn. I was ready to learn how to receive revelation from God, discern the presence of devil spirits, and perform miracles and heal people. In Part XV I talked about how we saw a lot of apparent miraculous healing during my final year as a Twig Coordinator in New York. As much as I was convinced at the time that it was all real, I was excited to be able to "kick it up a notch" and become just like the Apostles in the Book of Acts. Boy, was I in for a surprise. The reason that I was surprised and disappointed was that the operation of Speaking in Tongues, Interpretation and Prophecy in the PFAL Foundational Class was something that was taught practically as well as shown from the Biblical text and was practiced in groups and coached by the leaders. We didn't just read about it, we did it and worked out our spiritual muscles. The Advanced Class was all theory, with no practice. We read Biblical passages, we listened to theories about devil possession, we heard anecdotes about miracles and healings, but we didn't do anything. I was disappointed, but I kept it to myself. 

Even though it was natural and logical to expect more from the Advanced Class than what we got, anyone who expressed their disappointment and criticized the lack of practical application was "reproved". It was suggested that those people just didn't understand "Doctor" Wierwille's wisdom in how he presented the class - did they think they were smarter and more spiritual than he was? There was a lot of peer pressure to not only keep one's doubts to oneself, but to act publicly as if it all made sense and was, in fact, God's Word as it hadn't been taught since the First Century. 

I went back to New York with warring impulses fighting for attention: the part of me who saw this as a red flag and the part of me who couldn't admit that I had been involved in something that was less than what it purported to be. I didn't want to be one of the people who drifted away, admitting that I had been duped, I wanted to be one of those hot shot Advanced Class grads who knew more than everyone else. 

And besides, I was leaving for a year as a WOW Ambassador in a few weeks.


Part XVII

Thursday, July 15, 2021

Havelock Burger King & Supply & Demand

For any business to run properly, make a profit, provide good customer service and also provide a good work experience for the employees there must be mutual respect among management, owners, employees and customers. For a long times employers have had the upper hand. The ever-popular "If you don't like it, find another job" has finally become a reality, with the power pendulum swinging in employees' favor due to variety of conditions.

The capitalist ethos teaches us that the business owner gets to call all the shots, because they provided the capital and took the risks necessary to start the business. But this mindset ignores the concurrent reality that for all but the smallest business, the business owner could not continue as a business operator without employees. In the businesses that I have been in, those with specialized skills or education have, to a certain extent, been able to set the conditions of their employment, while those employees considered "unskilled" were viewed as expendable and easily replaceable. The reasons for this are related to the principle of supply and demand. A job seeker whose knowledge or ability is in short supply may find that the demand for her skill set exceeds the supply, so the salary is bid upwards and there is competition for her services. Owners and managers are forced to pay a decent wage and to allow flexibility and a sought-after work-life balance, as well as comfortable working conditions. In job classifications where the supply of job seekers exceeds the demand for them, the opposite takes place: the wage trends downward, working and conditions and work-life balance are as bad as management can legally get away with. There is no market-based incentive to do any better.

What we are seeing in many service sectors of the economy is that the low-wage workers have woken up to the reality well ahead of their managers and the owners of the businesses where they work. Suddenly, as the economy has opened up after the worst of the Covid pandemic, workers realize that they have choices, if they don't like it, they can "go find another job"...and they do it. Business owners are slower to make the connection. One thing that some businesses are figuring out is that in order to keep staffing levels up they need to increase wages to attract applicants. What they haven't figured out yet is that it's not just about the money. Employees don't want to live to work, they don't want to endure abuse from bosses or customers. They want to be able to stay home if they are sick or there is a family emergency. In short, they want to be treated with respect, not as a dispensable cog in the wheel.

Of course a business has to turn a profit in order to remain operational. There are many expenses involved in running a business. Unfortunately one of the first areas that gets cut when revenue goes down is payroll. In a retail store, labor cost budgets are usually tied to sales. If sales go down, then the money that can be spent on staffing goes down. What the corporate bean counters often fail to realize is that usually a certain minimum of work has to be done, no matter what the revenue looks like. So what happens is that hours get cut, positions get eliminated, and the remaining workers have to work harder to achieve the same tasks. Things don't get done, or don't get done right. Customers get angry, which causes resentment among the workers. Top management continues to cut labor while running sales and special events, which the reduced staff is ill-equipped to execute.

What used to happen was that employees would just complain, maybe fight back by stealing, or slowing down, or coming to work high, because they didn't want to risk having no job. Now, they know there are plenty of other jobs available, so they just quit.

At some point business owners will have to figure this out.

 

Friday, July 2, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XV

Eddie, Eddie, Eddie. He was so proud of his titles and the associated ability to lord it over people. But now, he had been stripped of almost all of his titles. He still held the position of Way Home Coordinator, which was supposed to mean that he was the leader of the little group who lived in our house on Metropolitan Avenue, yet this was in tension with my position as the Twig Fellowship Coordinator based at the same house. There was no way that there wouldn't be fireworks. 

There were two parallel paths that I would take through the rest of the Way year. One was paved with red flags that in hindsight I should have heeded and got the hell out, the other path was crowded with what at the time looked like what the Bible calls signs, miracles and wonders. The problem was that I didn't see the red flags as red flags. We had been indoctrinated with the view that when bad things happened it was "the Adversary" (i.e. The Devil) was attacking us due to our "stand on The Word of God". So both side-by-side paths were convincing me that I was on the right path. 

When I was still living at the first Way Home I had re-enrolled in college. I had dropped out during my sophomore year, and, due to some bad grades I had been put on academic probation. When I re-enrolled I was still on probation, which meant that I could not fail any classes and had to maintain at least a "C" average. I had also taken a job in Manhattan working for the stock brokerage firm, E.F. Hutton. I worked at Hutton during the day and attended classes at night. This meant that it was difficult for me to spend much time on Way activities. Way leadership suggested that, although I was living in a Queens Way Home, it might be better if I attended Twig Fellowship in Manhattan, where I worked and went to college. If this situation had continued, things might have turned out differently, but two things happened to change the course of my life. The first was that I failed a math class. It may have been advanced algebra, or maybe calculus. Even though I had aced every other class, I was still on academic probation, and this one failure meant that I was dismissed from Bernard M. Baruch College. Around the same time I was offered the position of Twig Fellowship Coordinator. I was virtually locked in to a Way trajectory. 

I mentioned the two parallel paths - I want to address the one that was festooned with red flags first. As far as I knew, Eddie wasn't removed from his positions because higher leadership thought he didn't have leadership qualities. His branch responsibilities ended simply because three branches were consolidated into two and the other two branch coordinators had more of the accepted credentials. His twig coordinator position wasn't taken away due to incompetence or ungodliness or lack of leadership, but to allow him to concentrate on the various Spanish language fellowships. But with the 20/20 vision that comes from being 40 years in the future, I can tell you with conviction that Eddie was a sociopathic abuser.

I'm not going to get specific about all of the insanity that Eddie engaged in. I mentioned in Part XIV that he believed that "casting out devil spirits" was the appropriate response to a roommate talking in his sleep. He constantly belittled the people around him, especially women. He drank to excess. We sublet a basement apartment to a woman who he coerced into sex. Several of us complained about him to upper leadership to no avail. The fact that Eddie was put in a position of leadership where he was supposed to care for other Christian believers and lead by example, should have suggested to me that upper leadership didn't know what the heck they were doing. But I somehow rationalized the situation. The "obey leadership" habit was hard to break. There must be some kind of plan that I was unaware of. Part of me thought that I just needed to up my spiritual game and commit myself more fully. More on that after I take you on a stroll down the other parallel path.

When I took over the fellowship on Metropolitan Avenue in Richmond Hill, Queens, there were four or five of us. By the time I left New York that August, there were easily thirty people crammed into our living room on Twig Fellowship nights. The main method of increasing membership was to "witness". Like Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons, the Way engaged in door-to-door witnessing. Since we started out with just a handful, we would have a short meeting and then hit the streets, the bowling alleys, the bars and knocked on doors. We also started seeing people who had been inactive in Way events start showing up. Maybe they didn't like what was going on when Eddie was in charge and wanted to give us a shot. Maybe it was just coincidence, but these formerly inactive people started bringing friends. And the friends started bringing friends.  The house started filling up. 

One of the measures of success of a Way Twig or Branch was running a class. The Power for Abundant Living (PFAL) class was for people who wanted to stick around, it was the first level of commitment in Way-World. You needed seven new people to be able to run a PFAL class and typically several Twigs combined their new people into one class. We were able to run one all by ourselves. Then we were able to run another one. And a third - which was unheard of. Way fellowship meetings were beginning to tend toward formal at that time. We went in the opposite direction which seemed to draw in even more people. For some reason that I can't recall I started running meetings and teaching barefoot and sitting cross-legged on the couch. We were told to start running a 10:30 fellowship on Sundays - because Way HQ did. No one told us that it was to be 10:30AM, so, rebels that we were, we met at 10:30PM on Sunday and the living room was as full as any other time.  The biggest thing was that we started to get known as the place to go for miraculous healing.

As an agnostic who these days casts a skeptical eye on the miraculous, I really don't know what to think about this aspect of my time in The Way. We would pray for people and it sure seemed like they were healed of various maladies. There wasn't any eyesight to the blind or healing the lepers, but what we were all sure convinced that healing was taking place. And it wasn't just the hardcore Wayfers, but people who would show up at our house for the first time and swear that their illness, or limp or whatever was gone. To me, this was some bona fide Book of Acts stuff...signs, miracles and wonders. 

It was no wonder that, after the bad example of Eddie caused me to question my own commitment paired with what I was convinced was God working in astounding ways that I made a twofold decision: to enroll in the Advanced Class that was taking place that summer in Rome City, Indiana and after that to sign up for the Word Over the World (WOW) Ambassador program. A decision that would take me from my home of New York City and deposit me in a town of 5000 in the Nebraska Panhandle. 

 Start from the beginning


Part XVI

Sunday, May 16, 2021

Why I Don't Pray

A few explanations and clarifications before I start:

  1. I am defining "prayer" as asking "God" (or gods) to do something, provide something, or answer something, either for oneself or others
  2. I am aware that there is a category of prayer that involves thanks or praise, that's not the type of prayer that I am discussing
  3.  I am also aware that some people insist that #1 is not true prayer, but #2 is. My response to this is that millions of people engage in #2 - that's what I'm talking about. 
  4. I have no problem with other people praying. Go for it, knock yourself out, but if you're going to attempt to convince me that it "works", provide evidence
I don't know when I started praying. I know that our family were traditional church-goers and that I was taught to pray. Formulaic, ritual prayers, like "grace" before meals, scripted prayers that were part of  Sunday mass and personal praying - between me and God. I don't remember if this was actually taught, or it was just something that was simply believed, but I remember believing that "sometimes the answer is 'no'" when asking God for something. I don't recall ever being told how we were supposed to know what we were allowed to ask for and what God's standards for answering prayer affirmatively were.

When I was 19 I joined a group that can easily be described as a cult (see my journey in the blog series "So, You Want to Join a Cult"). They taught that when you didn't get the answer you asked for when praying, it wasn't some ephemeral "Sometimes God says no", but that it was one of two main categories. This group pointed to two verses that talked about prayer, one said that God would answer our prayers that were "according to his will". How would we know what God's will was? It was in the Bible! The other verse said that God would provide "whatsoever we asked in prayer, believing...". So, before praying, we needed to know if what we were asking for was something that God said in the Bible we could pray for, and that we had to believe; believe that the promise in the Bible was true, and believe that God would answer our prayer. What it boiled down to was that when we didn't get an answer to prayer, it wasn't some "mysterious ways", it was our own lack of faith. I subscribed to this view for many years.

Over the years I started paying attention to the results that I was receiving (or not receiving) when I prayed. It seemed like the way things were turning out had nothing to do with whether I prayed about it or not. Prayer just didn't seem to be a factor. Now this lack of results could be chalked up to me being an "unbeliever" (I prefer "disbeliever"), or that I wasn't a "real" Christian, or any other number of excuses. But I started then to look at the people around me as they talked about the things that they were praying for and the results that they were receiving and saw a pattern. 

A common logical fallacy is what's called confirmation bias. This is when events that back up, or confirm our pre-existing beliefs or opinions are remembered, or even magnified or exaggerated, while those that contradict those pre-existing positions are forgotten, ignored or explained away. This was something that I observed among people whom I knew believed in the power of prayer. When things went well, when that surgery was successful, when that job came through, well, that was a "praise God" moment, but when the surgery didn't go well, or the person died, or someone else got the job, that's when the excuses and rationalizations came out. The ever-popular "Sometimes God says no" or "God knows what's best for us" or "God doesn't necessarily give us what we want, but what we need". Or sometimes, just silence. 

Some of this just doesn't make sense. If God is just going to override or ignore your prayer in order to give you something better, why pray at all? If praying doesn't get you the desired result all the time, then it doesn't really work, does it? If there's a good chance that your prayer will go unanswered, it's kind of like playing the lottery. 

I look at the evidence, and I see none that there is any efficacy in prayer. It doesn't work

To expand upon a previous point, if you want to pray, I'm not trying to talk you out of it. I'm not trying to convince you that it's a bad idea, or even that it's stupid. But if you want to try to rebut or refute what I'm saying, be prepared to offer evidence. What evidence would I accept that might change my mind that praying is effective - that it's perhaps my own stubbornness that is preventing me from seeing the light? How about a prayer log, containing every single thing that is prayed for over a year's time? Log the results, in detail. No excuses. If done honestly it would be quite illuminating....one way or another.

So that's why I don't pray. 
 

Friday, April 30, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XIV

In early 1980 I moved the few miles from Queens Village to Richmond Hill to a new Way Home. There were four other residents: Nicole, a native of Haiti, Rafael, a bassist in several bands, Eric, who was from Iowa and spoke five or six different languages and Eddie, who was designated as the leader/coordinator of the local Twig fellowship, the Spanish language fellowship that met in our home, as well as the branch coordinator of one of the Queens branches. There was an established fellowship centered on our home and there seemed to be a camaraderie that I found lacking at my last place. We ate our meals together, did things together and things seemed like they were going well and that the antics at the previous Way Home were an aberration.  At least it seemed that way.

Shortly after I moved in the area leadership decided to make some changes. First, they decided to consolidate the three Queens branches into two. The branch coordinator that was "demoted" was our Way Home Coordinator, Eddie. At the same time they asked me to take over coordination of the Twig fellowship that met in our home. This was ostensibly to allow Eddie to devote more time to the Spanish language twig and to assist with the other two Spanish twigs in Queens. Eddie did not see things this way. Previous to these changes he was very proud of rattling off his titles: Way Home Coordinator, Twig Coordinator of two twigs, Spanish language Twig Area Coordinator, North Queens Branch Coordinator. He was especially proud that he had achieved this level of responsibility without being a Way Corps grad, or even an Advanced Class grad. Let's take a minute to look at the Advanced Class and the perceived hierarchy in The Way. 

The Power for Abundant Living Class (PFAL) was in reality a series of classes. The Foundational Class, contained, as it name implies, the foundational teachings and principles taught in The Way. No one stuck around for long without taking the Foundational PFAL Class. The Intermediate Class focused on three of what was called "manifestations of the spirit". Chapter 12 of I Corinthians states that "the manifestation (singular) of the spirit"...consisted of: speaking in tongues, interpretation of tongues, prophesy, word of knowledge, word of wisdom, discerning of spirits, faith, miracles, gifts of healing. Wierwille had a take on "the manifestations" (plural) that weren't necessarily supported by scripture. Speaking in tongues, interpretation of tongues, and prophesy were covered in the Intermediate Class. In order to be viewed as having moved past the newbie stage and to participate actively in Way International Twig Fellowship meetings, it was essential that one be able to speak in tongue, interpret and prophecy. There were what were called "advanced study classes" - "Witnessing and Undershepherding", "Dealing With the Adversary", "Christian Family and Sex" and a few others, but the Advanced Class was considered the pinnacle of learning for anyone not in the Way Corps. The Advanced Class was advertised as focusing on the remaining six manifestations: word of knowledge, word of wisdom, discerning of spirits, faith, miracles, gifts of healing. In reality it talked a lot about devil spirits (demons) and devil possession. A graduate of the Advanced Class supposedly had been fully instructed on how to receive revelation from God, including detecting the presence of malign spirits. 

In theory, someone who was an Advanced Class graduate was better qualified to lead than a non-grad, and a Way Corps grad, someone who had been through the Way's multi-year leadership training program, was most qualified of all. Practically, The Way had grown so quickly throughout the mid-seventies that it was not always possible for these requirements to be met. In the Way's early days, leaders rose up and those with charisma or other natural leadership ability took on responsibility without any outside input. Eventually Twig Leaders were appointed by the next higher level of leadership - they were usually someone who at least seemed to have some ability. This was both good and bad. Good, in that there was no constraint requiring certain benchmarks be reached before leading, bad in that totally unqualified people were put in charge. During this time in Queens, Brooklyn and the areas of Long island outside New York City, very few Twig Coordinators were Advanced Class grads and no Branch Coordinators were Way Corps grads. The Area Leader, who oversaw all the branches on Long Island, was only about halfway through his Way Corps training. 

Eddie was someone who, likely because he was in the right place at the right time, had risen quickly through the ranks despite a lack of the accepted leadership signifiers. Just as quickly he had been stripped of most of his titles. Eddie was a proud man, every ounce a "macho" man with strong opinions. His anger and disappointment and losing his status within the organization would ripple through the rest of the year. Despite not having any "official" teaching regarding "discerning of spirits", Eddie fancied himself an expert on devil spirits. In fact he was obsessed with the subject and acted as if he saw them everywhere. I sometimes talk in my sleep. Shortly after I moved in, Eddie, from his bedroom down the hall from mine, heard some talking and came into the room to find me talking while apparently asleep. The next morning he told me and the other roommates about this, describing how he "just started to cast out devil sprits". 

I think you can imagine how this would lead to problems.

Start from the beginning

Part XV

Sunday, March 21, 2021

So, You Want to Join a Cult - Part XIII

These days, while still leaving open the possibility of the supernatural, I'm pretty skeptical. I operate in a mildly religious-philosophical framework, but am well aware that I might be wrong. But back in the seventies and eighties I was a believer. I believed that there was a God who was intimately involved in human affairs. I believed in miracles. I believed in miraculous healing. I spoke in tongues. I prayed and fully expected to get results. I grew up in a Christian family in a majority Catholic neighborhood and although we all prayed and believed in God, I have to say that growing up we didn't expect results with the surety and confidence that we did in The Way. I recall a conversation with my father, one of the most observant, religious people that I knew, explaining how I really believed this stuff, and how his facial expression expressed skepticism. The Catholicism of my youth, like that of many Americans contained the caveat that God might say "no" to your prayers, a hedge against lack of results.

The Way had a different approach to hedging against lack of results, it was called The Law of Believing. 

The Way differentiated between "faith" and "believing", even though both words were translated from the same koine Greek word, πίστις (pistis). Although their definition of "faith" was never entirely clear, it was vaguely defined as "an inside job", something accomplished by God within you, while "believing" was an action that you took. You actively believed what God, via the Bible, said, and you acted upon that belief. For example, if the Bible said that you could be healed of disease, then you believed that promise and reaped the result of believing it. Perhaps you've spotted the hedge?

Of course the problem was that it all depended on whether or not you were really believing, and in the circular logic employed by so much of religion, if you got the desired result then that proved you were believing; conversely, if you didn't get the desired result it couldn't be God's fault, you must not have been believing. This article of faith ensured that anyone who suffered from chronic illness, financial difficulty or any kind of problems just wasn't believing. The initial doctrine describing how believing was defined as believing what was written in the Bible morphed into several related practices. One was the tendency for Way people to say that they were "believing for" something, sometimes something as insignificant as a parking space. The other was the increasing tendency to view whatever "leadership" said or did as blessed by God, so if something bad happened to a leader, it wasn't that they "weren't believing" - they were being attacked by The Adversary (Wayspeak for The Devil). 

Like I mentioned in Part XII I transferred from the Queens Village Way Home to a different Way Home in the Richmond Hill neighborhood after some incidents that should have caused me to question the whole foundation of The Way, but instead had the opposite affect of causing me to double down on my Way commitment. During the next six months a combination of more red flags and what looked like genuine miracles pushed me even further into Way-World. The red flags perversely convincing me that a deeper commitment on my part would be the solution to eliminating these speed bumps in my life. The apparent signs, miracles and wonders further convinced me that it was all real

Start from the beginning

Part XIV

I Rise on Invisible Wings

I rise

On invisible wings

The air of the night

lifting me above

the gravity of sin

I float

on an invisible sea

waves of dawn

horizon-ward

I see

the darkness

summoned

inside


 

Sunday, February 28, 2021

Offended at Being Offended

 I don't always understand why something offends. A lot of the time I hear some group raising hell about a phrase or a media depiction where I scratch my head and think "What's the big deal?". But the reason I don't understand is that I am not part of the group that feels hurt or disrespected. There's no way that I can truly put myself into someone else's head and heart and feel what they feel. Just because I can imagine that if something similar happened to me I would react differently doesn't negate the very real and valid reaction that someone else might have. 

An example is the continuing battle over the use of Native American imagery and team names in sports. Many (not all) Native American individuals, groups, tribes, and nations have expressed how insulting it is to use Indians, chiefs, redskins, warriors etc. as their team mascots. A common "rebuttal" to these images being offensive is that American descendants of Irish immigrants (I count myself as one of that group) don't take offense at depictions of leprechauns, like on the box of Lucky Charms. One meme that I saw recently suggested that the reason was that we weren't "over sensitive whiny little bitches". I suggest that a more accurate reason is that although we once were a persecuted minority, we didn't have our culture, including our language and religion, taken away from us, and we were never considered non-persons. We were within a generation or two accepted as White, an integral part of "real" America. Ask yourself whether Native Americans were treated the same way. 

A rhetorical question that often is asked is "Why, all of a sudden is this offensive?". The answer is that it's probably not all that sudden. Persecution and discrimination have been around for a long time, but speaking out against it has often resulted in lethal consequences in past generations. It's finally relatively safe to demand respect and equality. 

Any other persecuted or marginalized group is going to be sensitive to slights and insults that the dominant majority is going to think are not worthy of getting upset about. The dominant majority isn't going to get upset about these slights because they don't apply to themAttempting to imagine how they would react to the same slights is meaningless because the majority doesn't have the same context in which to interpret these same words and images. And it shouldn't matter; what someone who doesn't understand why something would be offensive should be doing instead of mocking another for being offended is attempting to understand why it's offensive, or at least accepting the validity of the other's being offended.